Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, commonly known as PCOS, is one of the most prevalent hormonal disorders among women. Globally, it is estimated that nearly 60% of women are affected by this condition. PCOS primarily disrupts a woman’s reproductive health and causes hormonal imbalances, often leading to fertility complications. Let’s delve into its symptoms, risk factors, causes, and methods of diagnosis.
What Are the Symptoms of PCOS?
Many women start experiencing symptoms of PCOS as early as their first menstrual cycle. Others may notice changes later, especially when dealing with irregular periods or difficulties conceiving. Common signs and symptoms include:
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Irregular or missed periods
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Heavier or abnormal menstrual bleeding
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Unexplained weight gain
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Hair thinning or loss
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Acne breakouts
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Excessive facial or body hair (hirsutism)
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Male-pattern baldness
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Obesity
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Darkened patches of skin, especially around the neck or armpits
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Fertility issues
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Trouble sleeping
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Mood changes, including depression and anxiety
Who Is at Higher Risk?
While PCOS can only affect women, certain individuals are more prone to developing it. You may be at greater risk if:
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You have a family history of PCOS
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You are overweight or obese
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You fall within the age range of 14 to 45 years
What Are the Causes of PCOS?
Though the precise cause of PCOS is still unknown, a combination of genetic and environmental factors is believed to play a role. Some major contributors include:
Genetic Influence:
A strong hereditary link has been observed, with studies indicating that over half of women with PCOS also have close relatives affected by the condition. This suggests a clear genetic predisposition.
Insulin Resistance:
Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps regulate blood sugar. Women with PCOS often have insulin resistance, meaning their bodies cannot use insulin effectively. This leads to higher insulin levels, which in turn stimulates the ovaries to produce more androgens (male hormones), disrupting the menstrual cycle and causing many PCOS symptoms.
How Is PCOS Diagnosed?
Diagnosing PCOS involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examinations, and specific tests. Here’s what you can expect during the diagnosis process:
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Medical History Review: Your doctor will ask about your menstrual cycle, family history, and symptoms.
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Physical Examination: This includes checking your BMI, looking for skin changes, and evaluating hair growth patterns.
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Pelvic Exam: This helps assess the health of reproductive organs and detect any abnormalities.
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Pelvic Ultrasound: An imaging test to examine the size of the ovaries and look for the presence of cysts.
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PCOS Profile Blood Test: A comprehensive test to measure hormone levels, including insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and androgens. You can opt for this test through Thyrocare, known for its accurate and reliable diagnostic services.
What Happens After Diagnosis?
Once PCOS is diagnosed, treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Doctors may prescribe:
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Birth control pills to regulate periods and reduce androgen levels
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Other medications to improve insulin sensitivity and aid ovulation if pregnancy is the goal
Early diagnosis and proper management can help prevent complications and improve overall reproductive and metabolic health.
