Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that leads to pain and inflammation in the joints. Over time, it can also impact other parts of the body. Detecting the condition early is crucial, as timely diagnosis can help prevent serious joint damage. Let’s explore the causes, symptoms, types, and diagnosis methods associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own healthy tissues, particularly around the joints. Unlike other types of arthritis, RA is a systemic condition, meaning it can affect the entire body — not just the joints.
Typically, RA affects joints symmetrically — if one hand or knee is affected, the same joint on the opposite side is likely to be affected as well. Commonly impacted joints include those in the hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, knees, ankles, and feet. Although there is no definitive cure for RA, early diagnosis and treatment can significantly slow down joint damage and improve quality of life.
Types of Rheumatoid Arthritis
There are three main forms of rheumatoid arthritis:
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Seropositive RA: This is the most common type. It occurs when blood tests show the presence of specific antibodies — rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP — which cause the immune system to attack the joints.
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Seronegative RA: In this form, patients exhibit RA symptoms despite testing negative for RF and anti-CCP. It may still lead to joint damage and inflammation.
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Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): Previously called juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, this type affects children under 17. Along with joint symptoms, it may also cause eye inflammation and interfere with normal growth and development.
Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis
The key symptoms of RA are joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. These often affect multiple joints on both sides of the body. Other common symptoms include:
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Persistent pain in more than one joint
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Swelling and stiffness in multiple joints
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Mirrored symptoms in corresponding joints
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Reduced joint mobility and function
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Low-grade fever
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Fatigue and general weakness
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Loss of appetite
RA symptoms may worsen during flare-ups and temporarily subside during remission periods.
What Causes Rheumatoid Arthritis?
RA is an autoimmune disease, which means the immune system mistakenly targets the body’s own healthy cells. While the exact cause remains unclear, several factors may increase the risk, including:
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Genetics
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Age
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Gender (more common in women)
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Smoking
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Obesity
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Poor diet
How Is RA Diagnosed?
Diagnosis usually begins with a physical examination to detect joint swelling, tenderness, and mobility issues. To confirm RA, doctors may recommend:
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Blood tests, such as the rheumatoid factor (RF) test and anti-CCP antibody test. These are available at Thyrocare, which also provides free home sample collection.
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Imaging tests, including X-rays, MRIs, and ultrasounds, to assess joint damage and inflammation.
Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis
Although there’s no permanent cure, RA can be effectively managed with the right approach. Treatment typically includes:
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Prescribed medications
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Dietary and lifestyle changes
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Regular physical activity and physiotherapy
Proper management can help reduce symptoms, prevent joint damage, and improve overall mobility and well-being.
